Bruxism is an involuntary movement disorder characterised by excessive clenching and/or grinding of the teeth. Among the most common symptoms are migraines, a tired jaw, sensitive teeth or a stiff neck. Although it is not related to dental decay or gum disease, bruxism is one of the leading causes of early loss and damage of teeth. It also leads to excessive teeth contact over a prolonged period which can cause premature enamel dissipation.

Most people with bruxism are unaware they are grinding or clenching as it often occurs at night during sleep (termed nocturnal bruxism or sleep bruxism), but it may also happen during the day (diurnal bruxism). Over 30% of the population is affected by bruxism and the trend is on the rise.

Bruxism Causes

Bruxism is related to stress and anxiety. Studies have shown that bruxism is more prevalent in children, and that stress levels are the main determining factor in identifying bruxers.

Bruxism is also related to dopamine uptake imbalances in the brain, indicating that particular stimulants and medication can increase the occurrence of bruxism.

Bruxism Symptoms

Self-diagnosis for bruxism is not easy. You may experience vague or inconsistent aches in your teeth. Your jaw muscles may be stiff or sore and you may also experience headaches around the temple region, or even migraines. Bruxism often occurs in waves and bursts, such as when you’re most stressed or anxious. Your dentist will be able to diagnose bruxism with a detailed interview and an examination of your mouth.

Bruxism Treatment

Bruxism cannot be cured, but it can be managed. If detected early, and in the absence of other diseases, a custom-made mouth splint will be recommended. The dental splint is worn at night and relieves pain by helping improve the position of the jaw joint – known as the TMJ (temporomandibular joint) – and reducing stress elsewhere in the jaw.

Studies have shown that a correctly made dental splint is highly successful in decreasing stress in the jaw and reducing migraine pain attacks by up to 75% in 75 % of its users.

What happens if I grind and I don’t do anything about it?

A bruxer is often only aware of dental problems years after the disorder has commenced. Unfortunately in severe cases, the chronic destruction of a bruxer’s teeth is difficult to manage. As teeth can be severely damaged before pain occurs, root canal treatments, crowns and sometimes teeth extractions may be required. If you suffer from migraines or any of the symptoms mentioned, you may be a bruxer. If you suspect that you are affected by bruxism it is advisable to see your dentist, as early detection can save you from a lot of pain and stress.